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- Kurzfilme Fiction Top 10 2022 - 26. Januar 2023
The original english language interview is also available.
Kannst Du mir mehr zum Ausgangspunkt Deiner Dokumentation „Divine Factory“ erzählen?
Ich kann zwei Schwerpunkte in Deiner Geschichte ausmachen: Die Vermarktung der Religion und die LGBTQ-Gemeinschaft auf den Philippinen. Gibt es einen Schwerpunkt, der für Dich mehr im Fokus steht? Und wie passen die beiden Themen für Dich zueinander?
Kannst du mir mehr über die Umsetzung erzählen? Wie lange und oft hast Du gedreht? War es schwer, einen Zugang zur Fabrik zu erhalten? Wie groß war Dein Team beim Dreh?
Wie konntest Du das Vertrauen der Personen vor Ort gewinnen? Nach welchen Kriterien hast Du Deine Hauptprotagonisten ausgesucht? Hast Du darüber nachgedacht, sie im Privaten zu filmen?
Ich filmte und verfolgte fast jeden in der Fabrik. Jeder, den ich gefilmt habe, war so faszinierend, dass es schwierig war, sich zu entscheiden, wen ich zeigen sollte. Die Entscheidung fiel erst beim Schnitt. Ich habe Jahre damit verbracht, den Film zu schneiden und die richtige Balance zwischen den Arbeitern zu finden, die ich zeigen wollte. Der Film ist ziemlich subtil, aber es gibt eine narrative Struktur – eine Linie, der man zwischen den Arbeitern von Szene zu Szene folgen kann.
Ein paar von ihnen habe ich zu Hause gefilmt. Ich wollte eine Szene mit Chelsea, der ehemaligen Sexarbeiterin, zu Hause bei ihrer Mutter einbauen. Aber letztendlich hatte ich das Gefühl, dass es fast zu einnehmend war und dass man ihr einfach weiter folgen wollte. Vor allem wollte ich keine bestimmte Person in den Vordergrund stellen. In dem Film geht es letztlich um die Fabrik und das kollektive Leben der Arbeiter in der Fabrik.
Mir ist aufgefallen, dass Du oft mit statischen Kamerapositionen gearbeitet hast. Worauf hast du bei der visuellen Umsetzung Wert gelegt?
Haben die Protagonisten den Film schon gesehen? Wie ist der Film allgemein in den Philippinen aufgenommen worden?
Leider haben sie den Film noch nicht gesehen, wir warten immer noch auf eine Premiere auf den Philippinen. Ich habe den Film für ein philippinisches Publikum gemacht, deshalb freue ich mich, wenn er dort gezeigt wird. Ich habe die Fabrik Anfang des Jahres besucht und sie auf den neuesten Stand gebracht. Einige der Arbeiter, die ich vorstellte, haben die Fabrik inzwischen verlassen, und ich wollte sicherstellen, dass ich ihre Kontaktdaten habe, damit ich sie für die eventuelle Premiere einladen kann.
Bei welchen Gelegenheiten wird man Deinen Film in Europa sehen können?
Wir haben Asian Shadows als unseren internationalen Vertriebsagenten, aber es gibt noch keine Informationen über den Vertrieb in Europa.
Kannst Du mir noch ein bisschen mehr von Dir erzählen und wie Du zum Dokumentarfilm gekommen bist?
Sind bereits neue Projekte geplant?
Ja, ich habe meinen zweiten Dokumentarfilm mit dem Titel Pony Boys gedreht. Er handelt von philippinischen Cowboys, die ihren Lebensunterhalt mit dem Verkauf von Ausritten an Touristen in der Stadt Baguio verdienen, die in der Bergregion der Philippinen liegt. Die Stadt ist tief in den ethnischen Traditionen der vielen Eingeborenenstämme verwurzelt, die das Gebiet einst bewohnten. Sie ist auch eine Stadt, die stark von der amerikanischen Kolonisierung beeinflusst wurde. Die Ponyboys wurden von einer Gruppe junger Männer und ihrer Vorliebe für die Cowboy-Kultur gegründet. Inzwischen gibt es mehrere Generationen von Ponyboys, und der Film konzentriert sich auf die neue Generation von Ponyboys – Kinder im Alter von 10 bis 19 Jahren, die mit Pferden leben und arbeiten.
Die Fragen stellte Doreen Kaltenecker
Übersetzung Michael Kaltenecker
Lies auch die Rezension des Kurzfilms „Divine Factory“
Interview: In our conversation with American director Joseph Mangat, we were able to learn more about his documentary “Divine Factory“, which had its world premiere at the 65th DOK Leipzig, how he brought a project idea to this place, why he decided to abandon his previous concept for it and what it was like to return to this place again and again over the years.
Can you tell me more about the starting point of your documentary “Divine Factory”?
Initially, I wanted to make a narrative film that examines the Philippine diaspora in the U.S. I was interested in the culture clash, particularly from the POV of a new immigrant who happens to be religiously devout. The film was to take place both in the U.S. and in the Philippines. The Philippines portion also explored the business of religion and one of the characters in the film worked in a factory similar to the one you see in “Divine Factory“. In 2015 I started location scouting in the Philippines and one of the many factories I visited was TML. After spending time and getting to know the workers at TML, I decided to scrap the narrative. One of the deciding factors in making the documentary was hearing the worker’s story of the Sleeping Saint Joseph and the Pope. And how they refer to the Pope’s mention of the item as an advertisement. I found this to be quite ironic particularly since most of the workers I spoke to were devout Catholics. The line between the secular and sacred seen by the people behind the items of worship fascinated me.
I can make out two focal points in your story: The commercialization of religion and the LGBTQ community in the Philippines. Is there one that is more of a focus for you? And how do the two themes fit together for you?
The business of religion was my main focal point. As I mentioned I wanted to explore the line between the secular and the sacred. I was also fascinated by the system of labor, and how money is circulated between the factory and the workers. The system in the factory is how most businesses are operated in the Philippines. Ultimately I wanted to show the factory as a microcosm of Philippine society with regard to labor practices and their complex relationship with Catholicism. The LGBTQ element of the film happened by chance. It was a coincidence that a majority of the factory workers are LGBTQ. I think the workers being LGBTQ shows another layer of this complex relationship. It also shows how ingrained Catholicism is in the culture. How many of the LGBTQ in the factory are also devout and that they’ve accepted the prejudices of the church.
Can you tell me more about the realization? How long and often did you film? Was it difficult to get access to the factory? How big was your team during the shoot?
Pre-production started in 2015. Principle production was from 2016-2018 with some pickups in 2019. We were a small unit—often it was just me, the DP Albert Banzon, and the sound recordist. Access wasn’t difficult to acquire. The factory was welcoming and generous from the beginning. I think it also helped that the factory was used to having cameras. They were featured in the local news and the workshops were even used as locations for a local TV series. What was difficult for me was not being able to shoot consecutively for long stretches. I was living in New York during production and could only come to the Philippines twice a year and only for 1-2 months at a time. Every time I returned, I had to build that relationship again with the workers. Although the time it took to gain their trust and make them feel comfortable became shorter with each visit. It would’ve been much easier if I had lived in the Philippines and been able to shoot more frequently. It would have also allowed me to finish the film much faster, definitely in less than seven years.
How were you able to gain the trust of the people on location? What criteria did you use to choose your main subjects? Did you think about filming them at home, outside the factory?
I spent several days at the factory—talking with all of the workers before I even brought my camera. We were very transparent with what we were doing. I’m not sure if I completely gained their full trust but it helped that I spoke the language. The fact that I kept coming back year after year showed that I wasn’t there just to exploit them.
I filmed and followed mostly everyone at the factory. Everyone I filmed was so compelling it was difficult to choose which to feature. Choosing was done in the editing. I spent years editing the film and finding the right balance of workers to feature. It’s quite subtle in the film but there’s a narrative structure—a line you can follow between the workers from scene to scene.
I filmed a few of them at home. I wanted to include a scene with Chelsea, the former sex worker at home with her mother. But ultimately I felt that it was almost too engaging and that you just wanted to keep following her. More importantly, I didn’t want to emphasize a particular person. The film is ultimately about the factory and the collective lives of the workers in the factory.
I noticed that you often worked with static camera positions. What did you emphasize in the visuals?
Keeping the camera static was a practical choice since the workers themselves didn’t move around much. But My DP and I did discuss in length how to visually counter the films that typically deal with poverty. We didn’t want to emphasize what’s already apparent—their harsh working and living conditions. We instead wanted to show what we were fascinated by—the beauty in the mundane—the meticulousness of painting hundreds of tiny statues by hand, the layers of resin and paint that have accumulated over the years on a particular wall, etc. We both thought the best way to showcase this was to keep the camera static which allows the audience the time to discover the beauty for themselves.
Have the protagonists already seen the film? How has the film been received in general in the Philippines?
Unfortunately, They haven’t seen the film, we are still waiting for a Philippines premiere. I made the film for a Filipino audience so I’m excited when it does screen there. I visited the factory earlier this year and gave them an update. A few of the workers I featured have since left the factory and I wanted to make sure I got their contact so I can invite them for the eventual premiere.
On what occasions will people be able to see your film in Europe?
We have Asian Shadows as our international sales agent as of now there’s no word yet on distribution in Europe.
Can you tell me a bit more about yourself and how you got into documentary filmmaking?
I didn’t study documentary filmmaking. I majored in visual arts at the University of California, San Diego where I was mentored by former Jean-Luc Godard collaborator, Jean-Pierre Gorin. He introduced me to films that experimented with narrative approaches and also to fiction directors like Hou Hsiao Hsien, Chantal Ackerman, and Pedro Costa—filmmakers that blurred the lines between documentary and fiction. When I decided to make “Divine Factory“, I had no clue about the documentary process and I had to learn by trial and error. I made a few fiction shorts but I prefer the spontaneity of documentary filmmaking. The fact that you can plan as best you can but still don’t know where your film will eventually go is quite thrilling.
Are there any new projects already planned?
Yes, I’ve been shooting my second documentary feature titled Pony Boys. It is about Filipino cowboys who make a living selling horse rides to tourists in the city of Baguio which is located in the mountain region of the Philippines. The city is deeply rooted in the ethnic traditions of the many native tribes who once inhabited the area. It’s also a city heavily impacted by American colonization. The Ponyboys was started by a group of young men and their affinity for cowboy culture. They are now several generations in and the film will focus on the new generation of Ponyboys—kids between 10 to 19 years of age who live and work with the horses.
Questions asked by Doreen Kaltenecker
Read on the german review of the short film “Divine Factory“